Steam is used as an energy carrier in industrial sites, converting heat into a usable energy source. The results indicate the importance of oversizing key steam producing equipments and the value of industrial symbiosis to increase industrial site resilience.

The proposed methods are applied and demonstrated in an industrial case study using industrial data. Key performance indicators are introduced to quantify the networkвЂ™s resilience. A method is therefore proposed to simulate steam network operations when facing boiler failures. Though rare, boiler failures can have a heavy impact on steam network operations and costs, leading to undercapacity and unit shutdowns. Optimization of investments based on operational and investment costs are included in the formulation. First, this paper proposes an Mixed Integer Linear Programing formulation to optimize the operations of steam networks in normal operating conditions and exceptional demand (when operating reserves fall to zero), through the introduction of load shedding. The steam producers (boilers, heat and power cogeneration units, heat exchangers, chemical reactors) should be sized to supply the consumers at nominal operating conditions as well as peak demand. Steam networks are used to carry steam from producers to consumers and between pressure levels through letdowns and steam turbines. Steam is a key energy vector for industrial sites, most commonly used for process heating and cooling, cogeneration of heat and mechanical power as a motive fluid or for stripping. 2Environmental and Spatial Management, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.1Industrial Process and Energy Systems Engineering, Г‰cole Polytechnique FГ©dГ©rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.Greet Van Eetvelde 2 and FranГ§ois MarГ©chal 1

Steam connection error january 2016